Swollen gums (gingival swelling) are gums that become fuller, redder and more tender than normal. The most common cause is tartar and plaque buildup; infections, incorrect brushing, vitamin B and C deficiencies, hormonal changes and certain medications can also cause it. For the swelling to go away permanently, the underlying cause must be removed with professional cleaning or treatment.
- Swelling accompanied by bleeding may be a sign of periodontal disease.
- Salt water rinses and cold compresses provide temporary relief.
- Swelling caused by tartar requires scaling and, if necessary, curettage.
- Antibiotics should only be used with a dentist’s prescription.
- See a periodontist if swelling lasts longer than 1 week.
Why Do Gums Swell? Gum health is an inseparable part of overall health. However, many people may not notice changes in their gums until pain develops. Swollen gums are usually the body’s first response to an infection or irritation in that area.
Swollen gums (gingival swelling) are gums that become fuller, redder and more tender than normal. There can be many different causes behind this condition:
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Tartar and Plaque Buildup: The most common cause. Bacteria that build up on the teeth as a result of inadequate oral care lead to inflammation of the gums (gingivitis).
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Infections: Dental abscesses, fungal infections or viruses can cause localized swelling in the gums.
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Incorrect Brushing: Brushing too hard or using floss incorrectly can damage delicate tissues.
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Vitamin Deficiencies: Deficiencies in vitamins B and C in particular directly affect gum health.
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Hormonal Changes: Changing hormone levels during pregnancy, puberty or menopause can make the gums more sensitive to bacteria.
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Medication Side Effects: Some blood pressure or anti-seizure medications can cause gum tissue to overgrow.
Swollen and Bleeding Gums: When Is It Dangerous?
If swollen and bleeding gums occur together, this is usually a sign of gum disease (periodontal disease). Healthy gums do not bleed. Bleeding during brushing or flossing shows that the tissues beneath the gums are inflamed.
If this is accompanied by bad breath, loose teeth or gum recession, the inflammation may have spread from the gums to the bone tissue. At this stage, professional dental treatment is essential.
What Helps Swollen Gums?
Some methods you can use at home may provide temporary relief and support healing; a doctor’s examination is essential for a definitive diagnosis.
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Salt Water Rinse: Salt water, a natural disinfectant, reduces the bacterial load in the mouth and soothes swelling.
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Cold Compress: A cold compress applied to the outside of the cheek constricts blood vessels and helps reduce swelling.
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Clove Oil: Known for its natural antiseptic and pain-relieving properties, clove oil can be applied to the area with a piece of cotton.
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Drink Plenty of Water: Increasing saliva production maintains the acid balance in the mouth and helps clear bacteria.
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Diet: Avoiding sugary and acidic foods prevents gum irritation.
How Do Swollen Gums Go Away?
For swollen gums to go away permanently, the underlying cause must be eliminated. The steps to follow are:
Professional Dental Cleaning
If the swelling is caused by tartar, full recovery cannot be achieved no matter what you do at home. Scaling (tartar removal) and, if necessary, curettage (gum pocket cleaning) performed by a dentist will quickly reduce the swelling.
Changing Oral Hygiene Habits
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Brush at least twice a day with a soft-bristled brush, massaging the gums at a 45-degree angle.
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Floss every day without fail to remove debris left between the teeth.
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Use alcohol-free antiseptic mouthwashes as support.
Medication
In cases of severe infection, your dentist may prescribe antibiotics or special medicated mouthwashes. Using medication without a dentist’s supervision is not recommended.
Important Note: If gum swelling lasts longer than 1 week, if there is severe pain, or if you feel your teeth are loose, you should see a periodontology (gum disease) specialist without delay.
